A study on the growth and yield performance of seven cowpea varieties was conducted during the. Characterization of common nigerian cowpea vigna unguiculata. Constraints to cowpea production and utilization in sub. Over 80% of cowpea production is confined to west africa with niger, nigeria and burkina faso alone contributing 83% of the production area and 77% of the total production faostat, 2012. Utilization of cowpea in the production of bean flour and canned products such as tomato sauce were discussed with their relative economic advantages. Growth and yield responses of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. The crop therefore has a great potential in contributing to alleviation of malnutrition among resourcepoor farmers. Cowpea cultivation is mainly under traditional systems and cowpea grain yields in farmers. May 22, 2012 cowpea is considered by several authors as having been domesticated in nigeria or within a larger area including nigeria i. Varieties as influenced by weed control treatments in the sudan savanna of nigeria. The plant can be erect, trailing, climbing or bushy. In tanzania, production declined in the early 1970s but in the late 1970s it showed considerable improvement in production. And is indeterminate when it cultivated in suitable growing conditions. Effect of phosphorus fertilizer on growth and yield of cowpea vigna unguiculata.
The commonly cultivated cowpea belongs to cultivar group unguiculata while members of cultivar group textilis, characterized by long peduncles are grown in some parts of nigeria for production of fibre. Typical double cropping systems in these zones include maize cowpea, milletmaize, millet cowpea and groundnutmaize. In inland areas, cowpea crops appear more sensitive to attack by black cowpea aphid than does lablab. Cowpea is gradually attaining economic importance in nigeria, particularly in the southern states of nigeria, even though the bulk of the production is done in the semi arid zone of northern nigeria petuibikunle and smith, 2008. Crop distribution cowpea is mainly cultivated in the lowmiddle altitude and dry areas of western and central zones of subsahara africa as depicted in annex 1. Effect of phosphorus fertilizer on growth and yield of. Conditions for growing cowpea rainfall 250500 mm of well distributed rainfall during the growing season is adequate for cowpea production. The production guide is meant to provide field based agricultural extension personnel and farmers with quick reference material to guide them in the promotion of cowpea production. Dalziel, a british botanist, and this led piper 19 to propose the african origin of cowpea1.
Mar 18, 2015 initial stages of growth, one weeding more than enough to control the weed in cowpea farming. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed markets 7 functioning biosafety regime, multilocation trials were conducted in zaria, minijibir and bajura during 2014, to generate data in order to support an application for general release. That is why cowpea crops could be an interesting alternative for grain and forage in dry zones of this country and central america regions. Although cowpea is known to be a quick growing weedfighter, it is less successful at suppressing perennial grasses, so cultivation of rows may. However, average yield as obtained by local farmers is far below the yield capacity of the crop. Potential impacts of improved cowpea under improved seed. Grain legumes production, consumption and trade trends in developing countries working paper series no. Cowpea farming, planting, care, harveting, yield agri farming. Recently, the use of groundnut meal is becoming more recognized not only as a dietary supplement for children on protein poor cerealsbased diets but also as effective treatment continue reading. There are many reported studies on the effects of p application on growth and yield of cowpea owolade et al. This study determines the adoption of cowpea production technologies among farmers in taraba state, nigeria.
Effects of climate change on cowpea yield in kaduna state. Assessment of field insect pests damage on cowpea in gombe. Introduction cowpea is a dicotyledonous plant belonging to the family fabaceae and subfamily, fabiodeae. More than 8 million hectares of cowpea are grown in west and central africa. It is often interseeded into corn for weed suppression clark, 2007. Cowpea is a legume that is extensively grown throughout subsaharan. West and central africa are the leading cowpea producing regions in the world. Survey of cowpea growing areas in the eleven 11 local government areas of gombe state was carried out. These regions produce 64% of the estimated 3 million tons of cowpea seed harvested annually. The focus within this guide will be on production of dried blackeye pea, which can be harvested with conventional grain combines. Trials for the pbr cowpea are going on in other african countries, including ghana and burkina faso. Although cowpea is known to be a quickgrowing weedfighter, it is less successful at suppressing perennial grasses, so cultivation of rows may. Exact figures on area cultivated for cowpeas in africa are not available because of lack of reliable statistical enumeration. Cowpea varieties, growth, yield parameters, asaba, nigeria.
In the forest zone, cowpea may not be grown as the first crop on lands that have been in fallow for more than 10 years. Cowpea farming is a great opportunity for you to start earning big money from the agricultural sector in nigeria. Profitability analysis of cowpea production in rural areas of. Worldwide cowpea production in 1981 was estimated at 2,7 million tons from 7,7 mil lion ha. Once established, the crops may be damaged by various caterpillars feeding on the growing points and leaves of plants, and by locust swarms. Okeleye and okelana, 1997, there is darth of information on the effects of n fertilizer on growth and yield of cowpea in nigeria. In the forest zone, cowpea may not be grown as the first crop on lands. The research was conducted in rimi local government area of katsina state, northwest of nigeria. In nigeria, two technologiesimproved cowpea varieties and drought tolerant maize varieties have contributed to getting an estimated 3.
More than 11 million hectares are harvested worldwide, 97% of which is in africa. Effect of phosphorus fertilizer on growth and yield of cowpea. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Soil fertility management and cowpea production in the semiarid tropics 4. Cowpea farming, planting, care, harveting, yield agri. For instance, ortiz 1998 reported that the production trend of cowpea in nigeria shows a significant improvement with about 441%. This sample beanscowpea farming business plan in nigeria can be used for grant applications, bank loans, proposal writing, business concept note, competitions etc. Nigeria is the worlds leading cowpea producing country, followed by. Some of the reasons for this low yield could be attributed to cultivation of. Legume seeds famously deliver the amino acids needed to grow or repair proteinbased tissues such as brain, nerve, and muscle, as well as to.
Nigeria occupies a landmass of 923,768 km 2 and lies along latitudes 4 o 1 and o 9 n and longitudes 2 o 2 and 14 o 30 e. Soil fertility management and cowpea production in the. Cowpea beans flour production in nigeria, the feasibility report. Cowpea is a diploid with 2n 22 and a genome size of about 620 million base pairs. Profitability analysis of cowpea production in rural areas of zaria local government area of kaduna state, nigeria usman shaba mohammed, fatima kilani mohammed department of agricultural economics and extension technology, federal university of technology, minna, niger state, nigeria abstract. In the wetter regions in the south, maize may be grown in double cropping systems as maizemaize.
Of this amount, africa accounts for 94% of grain production. After observing all the good cowpea cultivation practices, postharvest is the most important factor, to make sure your sweat is not in vain. Initial stages of growth, one weeding more than enough to control the weed in cowpea farming. The study described the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents. Compared to most other important crops, little is known about the domestication, dispersal, and cultivation history of the cowpea. Farmers evaluate and distribute cowpea seeds during the purdue improved cowpea storage pics bag opening ceremony in kafinchiri village kano, nigeria, 2010. The production trend shows a significant improvement of cowpea cultivation in this country from 1961 to 1995. In addition, the first wild cowpea accession was collected in northern nigeria by j.
Worldwide production of cowpeas is approximately 20 million acres. As a crop largely depended upon for food in nigeria, its growth and yield have become a focus and all. It originated and was domesticated in southern africa and was later moved to east and west africa. Idah sitholeniang will serve as liaison between ngica, cowpea scientists, and aatf and will prepare the technical report for the july 1011 sgm. Walp is the most indigenous grain legume in nigeria and it is popularly known as bean in the local markets with different varietal names attached oyenuga, 1968. Cowpea can be planted in mixtures with buckwheat or sorghumsudangrass to maximize its potential to suppress weeds. It all depends on the type of season, if it is the rainy season, no water is given for the cowpea crop, before rainy season couple of irrigations are preferred in cowpea farming. Description of cropping systems, climate, and soils in nigeria by dr. Cowpea, popularly referred to as beans, is the most economically important indigenous african legume and most versatile african crop which feeds people, their livestock, the soil and other crops. Advanced evaluation of cowpea vigna unguiculata accessions.
Production guidelines for cowpeas agricultural research council. Beanscowpea farming business plan is a lucrative business that needs a lot of strategic planning to start and a business coach like dayo adetiloye to help you start the. The experiment consisted of two cowpea varieties it97k49935 and it93k4521 and weed control treatments metolachlor at 2 levels of 1. The cowpea is subject to such wide and easy variation as the result of climate and other envi ronment that any treatment of varieties is unsat isfact fry. It is chiefly used as a grain crop, for animal fodder, or as a vegetable. Cowpea is a very vital crop which is widely cultivated in many parts of nigeria, however, with increasing population over the years, the demand for the crop had gone up but the production has not. Five cowpea production constraint areas were identified i seed production access ii field production iii storageutilization iv. Department of agronomy, federal university of kashere, pmb 0182 gombe state abstract. Pdf adoption of cowpea production technologies among. Cowpea originated in africa and is widely grown in africa, latin america, southeast asia and in the southern united states. Considering all the protein sources that might possibly help africas malnourished millions, none seems more promising or more practical than grain legumes. Vigna unguiculata cowpea is a food and animal feed crop grown in the semiarid tropics covering africa, asia, europe, united states and central and south america. However, it has been reported elsewhere that the main limiting nutrients.
Annual grasses and some broadleaf weeds can be controlled by a presowing application of herbicide. Nigeria is the worlds leading cowpea producing country, followed by brazil. Assessment of field insect pests damage on cowpea in gombe state, nigeria samaila, a. This project addresses one of the most important constraints to cowpea production which is grain damage in storage. West and central africa is the leading cowpea producing region in the world. Technical efficiency of cowpea production in osun state, nigeria. It is either grown for its nut, oil or its vegetative residue haulms. It is no longer news to you that the agricultural sector of nigeria is so diverse, ranging from tree and food crops to forestry, livestock, and fishery. The grain yield of cowpea in nigeria is 700kg ha 8. Growing cowpeas, cultivation practices for beginners. Beanscowpea farming business plan is a lucrative business that needs a lot of strategic planning to start and a business coach like dayo adetiloye to help you start the implementation. Particularly in nicaragua, with 73 percent of rural poverty and 53 percent of rural indigence cowpea crops known as alazin are promoted by certain ngos to improve soil and to prevent soil erosion.
The importance of cowpea as a crop that cannot be dispensed with in the agriculture of the subsistence farmers in south sudan and the characteristics of cowpea plant type of roots, leaves, stem. Effect of interrow spacing on some selected cowpea vigna. Cowpea is the most important pulse in tropical africa, and it is grown from along tbe southern fringes of the s3bara from the west coast to east africa and southwards. This is because cowpea cultivars tend to have narrow range of adaptation as cultivars developed for one zone usually are not very productive in other zones. More than one hundred different names are on record purporting to be names of varieties, but in reality many of these are synonyms. Evidence from rainfall and temperature parameters m. Bahadur singh1,3 1icrisatkano, pmb 3491, kano, nigeria. The cowpea is one of the mandated crops addressed by the international institute of tropical agriculture, ibadan, nigeria. In burkina faso, multilocation trials are being conducted in farako ba and kamboinse. Cowpea is largely produced in africa 80% with nigeria and niger predominating, but brazil, west india, myanmar, sri lanka, australia, the united states, bosnia and herzegovina all have significant production quinn, 1999.
Kamara 3 1department of crop science, university of benin, p. Evaluation of eight varieties of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. Effect of tillage on the growth and yield of cowpea varieties in sudan savanna agroecology of northern nigeria sylvester u. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed markets. Adopt healthy postharvest techniques to store cowpea for longer periods. Cowpea is considered more tolerant to drought than even soybeans or mung beans, due to its tendency to form a deep tap root. It is bounded by the atlantic ocean to the south and by. Effects of climate change on cowpea yield in kaduna state, nigeria. Farmers guide to cowpea production in west africa citeseerx. Groundnut or peanut arachis hypogaea is a major crop grown in the arid and semiarid zone of nigeria. Adoption of innovative cowpea production practices in a. Cowpea beans flour production in nigeria, the feasibility. From its production, rural families derive food, animal feed, and.
The permit granted by the national biosafety management agency of nigeria allows the developer to proceed with preparations for commercial production of cowpea by farmers in nigeria. This widely cultivated and adapted crop is of great importance in the. The history of cowpea dates to ancient west african cereal farming, 5 to 6 thousand years ago, where it was closely associated with the cultivation of sorghum and pearl millet. Grain legumes production, consumption and trade trends. Nigeria, the largest producer and consumer, accounts for 61% of production in africa and 58% worldwide.
Profitability analysis of cowpea production in rural areas. Yield performance of cowpea as influenced by insecticide types and their combinations in the dry savannas of nigeria hakeem ayinde ajeigbe1, rabiu s. It is grown extensively in the low lands and midaltitude regions of africa particularly in the dry savanna sometimes as sole. Cowpea vigna unguiculata, is a food and animal feed crop grown in the semiarid tro rich in potassium with good amount of calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, vitamin a and c, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin b6, and panthothenic acid, cowpea is a warm season crop that cannot stand cold weather. In uganda total production deteriorated sharply after 1975. Walp extended recently from northern nigeria, its main production region, to the eastern and western states of southern nigeria. Intercropping is widely practiced in different parts of nigeria. Sep 04, 2018 weed control tips for growing cowpeas.
Growth and yield performance of improved cowpea vigna. Mar 04, 2016 cowpea is an important source of protein in both urban and rural nigeria. There are many cultivars, bred for diverse ecological niches, and they vary greatly in growth habit. Nigeria is the largest cowpea producer in the world and accounts for over 2. Although there is no archaeological evidence for early cowpea cultivation, the centre of diversity of the cultivated cowpea is west africa, leading an early consensus that this is the likely centre of origin and place of early domestication. Growing cowpeas, cultivation practices for beginners asia. Balarabe kausani, smallholder farmer in northern nigeria left. That notwithstanding, based on information available from food and agricul. The cowpea is an annual herb plant that has varying growth habits. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed. Effect of tillage on the growth and yield of cowpea varieties. Cowpea plays a vital role as a source of livelihood for millions of people in west and central africa.
Row crop cultivation is best recommended method cultivation for cowpeas, depending on the weed pressure, soil conditions, and rainfall. Pics bags filled with cowpeas await the bag opening ceremony kano, nigeria. Nigeria is the largest producer accounting with 45 percent of the total, followed by. Yield performance of cowpea as influenced by insecticide.
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